ELECTROMAGNETISM IN THE STANDARD MODEL
Abstract. This paper examines particularly the
of the
Standard Model by focusing on the electromagnetic interaction term in the
Lagrangian, which appears to be the electromagnetic waves of real photons,
not the virtue photons as the force carriers of Maxwell Equations; while 
and 
are symmetric in the former, they are not in
the latter, for 
is a radial force and is a
sideways force. We give a review of the pull-back operation of a tensor for
transformation of frames. We also derive Special Relativity from Maxwell
Equations and we find that the vector potential 
is a built-in
mechanism of any electromagnetic wave to prevent it from exerting electric
forces; i.e., is responsible for photons being of no electric
charges. Additionally, we show that Special Relativity determines the
Lorentz gauge uniquely and that gauge transformations can be presented as
frame transformations by an application of cohomology with differential
forms as cast in our model of a combined spacetime 4-manifold of the
Universe.
of the
Standard Model by focusing on the electromagnetic interaction term in the
Lagrangian, which appears to be the electromagnetic waves of real photons,
not the virtue photons as the force carriers of Maxwell Equations; while and are symmetric in the former, they are not in
the latter, for is a radial force and is a
sideways force. We give a review of the pull-back operation of a tensor for
transformation of frames. We also derive Special Relativity from Maxwell
Equations and we find that the vector potential is a built-in
mechanism of any electromagnetic wave to prevent it from exerting electric
forces; i.e., is responsible for photons being of no electric
charges. Additionally, we show that Special Relativity determines the
Lorentz gauge uniquely and that gauge transformations can be presented as
frame transformations by an application of cohomology with differential
forms as cast in our model of a combined spacetime 4-manifold of the
Universe.
AMS Subject Classification: 81Q99, 78A25, 83A05, 81T13, 83C47, 57R25
gauge symmetry invariance transformation bosons, Maxwell curvature field tensor F, Yang-Mill, electroweak, four-vectors, vector potential
Download full article from here (pdf format).
DOI: 10.12732/ijam.v28i5.7
Volume: 28
Issue: 5
Year: 2015
